Surgical education and perspective from Lee C. Zhao, MD

A single complication cannot grade a surgeon. Deming's red beads, M&M, and why surgical quality lives in the distribution, not in one bad outcome.

Or: Why Mastery Is Knowing Which Details Are Load-Bearing 1. The Tamago Years In Jiro Dreams of Sushi there is an apprentice, Daisuke Nakazawa, who spends years trying to make one piece of egg sushi. Tamago. Sweet, layered, simple looking. He makes it; Jiro rejects it; he makes it again. By his own count he failed more than two hundred times before the old man tasted one and called it acceptable. Nakazawa wept. He had been made shokunin, a craftsman. What matters is not that

Why It Took 125 Years to Move a Mouth Graft into a Ureter, and What That Tells Us About Innovation in Surgery 1. Sapezhko in Kyiv As early as 1890, a surgeon named Kirill Mikhailovich Sapezhko, working in Kyiv, took oral mucosa from a patient’s mouth and used it to reconstruct the patient’s urethra. In 1894, he published a fuller account of this work, describing mucosa from the lip and mouth in patients with urethral disease. By the standards of the time, the operations appea